Fluid-pressure hammer.



"a HHII Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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CHARLES H. HAESELEE. 0E PHILADELPHIA, rENNsYLVANIA.

FLUID-PRESSURE HAMMER.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917;

Application filed March 29, 1915. Serial No. 17,751.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. HAESELER, a;citizen of the UnitedStates,.residing at Philadelphia, in t-he county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Fluid-Pressure Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a hammering tool such as a pneumatic hammer orriveter operated by compressed air and the general object thereof is toprovide a new construction of the parts at the fi'ont or striking end ofthe hammer such as t-lie rivet set-, impact piece or anvil, etc.

The main object of the invention is to.

provide a shankless working tool such as a rivet set which is so formedas to be loosely mounted on the impact piece through which they blows ofthe hammer piston are delivered to the set, thereby insuring lessliability7 of the set breaking and 'providing a less expensive part tomake thanthe set usually employed, besides iediicing the vibration ofthe entire hammer due to the blows being struck more directly upon theset and preventing the side slap of the shank of the set which occurswhen a set with a shank or stem is employed which is not a Iieat workingfit in the hammer cylinder or when the end of the hammer cylinder hasbecome worn.

The employment of a loosely mounted shankless set or working tool asdescribed also permits of the use of a combination of parts inconnection therewith which provides a construction that effectuallyprevents the hammer piston from being' shot out of the cylinder diie tocareless handling of the operator or due to the opening of the throttlevalve (for admitting compressed air to the hammer) being accidentally orotherwise opened when the hammer is not held in position against thework.

Another object of this invention is to provide means such as a` retainerin the form ofl a spring clip between the cylinder and the set or toolfor preventing the set from being wholly disengaged from the impactpiece after the first blow of the hammer piston has been struck, in casethe air should be admitted when the hammer is not in working position.The employment of such a retainer prevents the set from being shot outof the retainer inasmuch as the retainer is made sufficiently strong towithstand the blow of the piston through the impact piece and set and asmeans are provided to hold the set beyond the range of the piston blowafter the first blow has been struck with the result thatcrystallization and breakage of the retainer from a large number ofblows are prevented. Such crystallization and breakage would otherwiseeventually-occur if the retainer were subjected to a succession of blowsfor a considerable period of time as often occurs when such tools areimproperly used as by stupid or careless workmen in shops or-bymischievous boys. This safety feature is also of` necessary practicaltailed section of a Apart of the front end of the tool similar to thatshown in Fig. l but illustrating the working position of the impactpiece and rivet set; l a perspective of the retainer or clip; Fig. 5 a'view similar to Fig. l but illustrating a modified form of clip; Fig. 6a detailed section of the front end of a toolillustrating a modifiedform of constri-iotion and F ig. 7 a detailed section illustrating stillanother modified form ofv construction but employing an lordinarysliaiik-provided set.

lVhile my invention is applicable to fluid pressure operated pneumatictools of different types andemploying different kinds of working toolsyet for the purposes of a clear and definite description I have chosento explain it in connection with a. pneumatic hammer oftlieriveting'type in which the working tool is a rivet set withoutintending to limit myself to such particular type of hammer and workingtool.

Inasmuch as my invention concerns only those parts at the front end ofthe hammer it. is unnecessary to illustrate and describe the completehammer such as the distributing valve and passages for admitting thefluid under pressure such as compressed air to and from opposite ends ofthe cylinder or piston .chamberl pfor reciprocating the ordinarycylinder of a riveting hammer inasinuch as its front end which formerlyreceived the shank of a rivet set is not made integral with the cylinderbut is made as a separable nose piece or extension 5 which in thepresent instance is internally screwthreaded at its rearward end toscrew upon external screw threads upon the forward endof the cylinder.lBy preference this nose piece is provided with a locking clip 5a whichis a split ring of spring metal having inturned flanges fittingrespectively in a circular groove in the nose piece and against ashoulder in a collar 5b secured to the cylinder. t

TheJnose piece is contracted at its forward end' to form a central borethrough which passes the cylindrical body portion of an impact piece .6which is providedv with fan enlarged-head 6a received in the chamberformed between the front endof the cylinder proper andthe bottom-orforward end of the nose piece. This head fL directly receives the,blowsof the hammer piston 3, and the 'force of these blows is cushioned whenthe tool is not in working position by means of a washer or -seriesofwashers 7 interposed between the head 6a and the contracted forward endof the nose piece.. The forward end of the impact piece is reduced in.diameter thereby forming a cylindrical extension 6b which fits into'the rivet set- 8 as hereinafter described. The nose piece,Aparticularly its forward end which 'forms a bearing for the impactpiece is made'quite accurate as to size and such impact piece is made ofsteel hardenedand is'vaecurately ground with the result that the airwill not leak out of the front end of the tool and such fit will remaintight for a great length of time.

The working tool in the type of hammer being described is a rivet 'set 8which is sliankless andrprovided on its inner side with a central socket8a in which loosely fits the forward reduced4 end or extension 6* of theimpact piece. The construction and .arrangement of the rivet set andimpact piece are such that when. the parts are in working position as inFig. 3 the hammer piston 3 impart-s its blows directly to the head ofthe impact piece which in turn delivers such blows direct to the bottomof the recess orsocket 8a of .the rivet set, the forward end u a l u' ofsuch impact piece being at this time in A contact with thebottom of suchsocket, Fig.

3. When, however, as hereinafter explained, the rivet set is not inworking position it is put out of range of the impact piece afterthe-first blow is struok. As shown in Fig. 5 the means for retaining theset in its ad'- 70 vanced position instead of being depressions orinternal projectionsy 9a may be in the vform of an inwardly directedbead as shown at 9d.

The retainerwhich has the double func 75 tion of holding the set ontothe-hammerv and also of holding the set forwardly out of]- range oftheimpact 'pieceunder certain conditions, isin the form of a' clip. 9composed vof a split ring of spring metal similar'to 80 the clipsusually employed 'with the exception .that it is provided with means forengaging a flange 8b on the inner end of the set to hold the sameextended as hereinafter explained. j The particular means shown img-5Fig. 4 consists of several depressions 9*@ formed in the body of thering near the forward end thereof. This clip has the usual l, inwardlydirected flange r9" at its inner end and inwaidly directed flange 9 atits outer 90 or front end, the former engaging the circumferentialgroove 5? inthe nose piece and the latter engaging in front of theflange 8l of the set. The hammer beingrconst'ructed as illus- 95 tratedin Figs. .1 to il operates as' follows: Starting with lthe yparts asillustrated in Fig. .3 at which time the tool is supposed to be inworking position, that is Vwith the set bearing against the rivet, thehammer is operated in the'usual manner whereupon the piston 3 deliversits `blowsl upon. the' head 6a of the' impact piece which directlyimparts such blows to the` set which in turn delivers them directlyagainst' the rivet. A t this 105 time the impactpiece is in directcontact 'withthe bottom of the socket 8f* and the blow is delivereddirectly through uch bottom of the socket. If,v however, the set shouldnot be against the worklwhenlthe tool was operated but thel set wa'slievertheless in the relative position shown in F ig. 3 and the tool wasthereupon operated, in that case the first blow of the hammer pistonwould drive the set to the position shown iii-Fig. 1, the flange Sb ofthe set being forced' 'against thedepressions 49:* which are projectionson the interior of the clip and operating such clip sufficiently to per:

mit such flange 8b to advance to a position l20 infront of such$projections and between them and the flange 9C of the clip wherein'suchiflange 8b is caught and the rivet set thereby retained. .In thismanner and by these means theset is advanced to a position' 1'25V beyondthe range of action of the impactV piece which cannot now deliver anyblows to thev set and at the same time suoliv set is retained in suchadvanced orinoperative `position. Consequently the set cannot be 1130.shot out from the tool' nor of cou-rse can the impact piece or pistonvbe shot out with the 4 result that the hammer possesses the safety.feature hereinbefore referred to. It will be understood that the hammer.piston can'l 4 tion.

In Fig. G I have illustrated a -modified form of construction accordingto which the clip 9 is unprovided with lany outer depressions or ratherIinner projections such as -9a but is provided with a circumferentialin-" wardly directed bead. or projection-92 which is adapted to coperatewith either one of two parallel circumferential grooves 93 and,

and94 at the forward end of the nose piece. Normally the bead 92 ,is inthe rearward groove 93, that is when the tool is in working position,but in the event that the hammer' is operated without being in workingposition the first blow of the hammer will force the rivet set and itsclip bodily forward, withdrawing the bead' from the groove 93 andcausing it to. snap into the groove 9* as shown in Fig. 5 at which timethe rivet set. is out of the range of the impact piece.

In Fig. 7 I have shown still another modified form of Constructionaccording to which a shank-provided rivetset may be employed. In thisconstruction the. usual' cylinder l is employed, that is there is nospecial orqremovable nose piece and the shank 10"L of the rivet set 10fits into the central bore of the cylinderat the front end thereof. Theclip 11 is substantially the same as-the clip 9', that is to say it is asplit ring provided near its inner end with an inwardly"directed bead11a adapted to fit in one or the other of the two parallel grooves l2and 13 near the forward end of the cylinder. The parts are shown in Fig.

G in their working position so .that when the hammer is operated thepiston 3 will deliver snap in the other groove 13.

its blows upon the shank of the working tool which in turn delivers theblows to the rivet. In Case, however, the set should not be at Y suchtime applied to the work, upon the first blow of the piston the set willbe forced outbead 11a from the rivet groove l2 and after a slightmovement forwardly such bead .will At this time the shank of the setwill be out bf range of the hammer piston which Awill continue tooperate without being able to impart any blows to the set.l

Il claim:

l. A- tool retainer for a fluid pressure operated lhammer having meansfor engaging the front end of the hammer and ladapted to loosely holdthe tool in associationtherewith,

and also'having means at its forward end and operative-upon the toolonly when the latter'is in advanced position for holding the tool insuch advanced position beyond the range of the hammer blow after thefirst blow of the hammer when not in working position.

2. A working tool of a. fluid pressure opl erated hammer provided on'its inner end with a socket to loosely rece-ive the end of proper l theimpact piece of such hammer through which the blows of Ithe hammerpiston are delivered, `incombination with a tool retainer for 'a fluidpressure operated hammer having means for engaging'the front end of thehammer and. to loosely hold the tool in association therewith, `andalsohaving means for holding the tool in advanced position beyond the rangeof the hammerblw, after the first blow of the hammer' when -`not inpropel` working position.

3. In combination with a fluid pressure op#` eratedhamnier including itscylinder', ham-A mer piston and impact piece struck by the piston,aworking tool having on itslinner end a socket which fits loosely on theouter end of the impact piece, and combined means .for loosely holdingthe tool to the front end of the cylinder and for retaining ,it inadvanced position out of range of the impact piece when forced to suchposition by said piece. 'Y

4. In' combination with a fluid pressure operatedv hammer including. itscylinder,

hammer piston and impact piece struck by A the piston, a .working toolvhaving on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end ofthe impact'piece, and a clip vengaging the front end of the cylinder andlooselv containinwthe .rearward end of the tool. said cl'ip having meansfor engaging and holding the -tool in an advanced position ont of rangeof the impact piece when forced to such position by the first blowof'the hammer when not in working position.

5. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder, hammer piston and impact piece struck by the piston, a workingtool having on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outerend of the impact piece, and a clip engaging the front end of the,cylinder and loosely containing the rearward end of the tool, said 4cliphaving an inwardly. directed projection at its forward end, and the toolhaving at its rearward end a' member coperating with such projectionwhen the tool is forcedvforposition.

ward to an advanced position by the first blow of the hammer when not inworking 6. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammerincluding its cylinder, hammer lpiston and impact piece struck by thepiston, a. working tool having on its inner end a socket which fitsloosely on the outer end of the impact piece, and raclip engaging thefront end of the cylinder and loosely containing the rearward end of thetool, said clip having a series of projections inwardly directed at itsforward end, and the tool having at its rearward end a flange coperatingwith such projections when the tool is forced forward to an advancedposi- 'tion by the first blow of the hammer when not in workingposition.

7. In combination with a. fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder, hammer piston and impact piece struck by the piston, awork-ing tool having on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on theouter end of the impact piece, and a. clip engaging the front end of thecylinder and loosely containing the rearwardend of the tool, said cliphaving an inner flange 9b for engagement with the cylinder, an outerflange 9 to hold thetool, and an inwardly directed projection 9aL atitsforward end, and the tool having at its rearward end a flangecooperating with flange 9c and with projection 9a.

8. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder proper, a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of thecylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nose-piece and having anenlarged portion retained therein, a working tool having a socket on itsrearward end into which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits,and means anchored to' the nose-piece' for retaining the working tool.

9. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder proper, a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of the.cylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nose-piece and having anenlarged portion retained therein, a working tool having a socket on itsrearward end in which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits,and a spring ring retainer anchored to the nose piece and cooperatingwith the working tool.

l0. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder proper. a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of thecylinder, an impact piece varranged in the nose-piece, a working toolhaving a socket on its rearward end linto which the front end of saidimpact piece loosely fits, said nose-piece being provided with a chamberand the impact piece having a head receptacle therein, and meansanchored to the nose-piece for retaining the working tool.

1l. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including itscylinder proper, aremovable nose-piece secured to the front end ofthecylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nosefpiece, a working toolhaving a socket on its rearward end into which the front end of saidimpact piece loosely fits, said nose-piece being provided with a.chamber and the impact piece having a head reciprocable therein,cushioning material between said head and the bottom 0f the chamber, andmeans anchored to the nose-piece for retaining the working tool.

l2. A tool retainer for a fluid-pressure operated hammer having meansfor engaging the exterior of the forward end of the hammer, saidretainer being designed to loosely hold the tool in association with thehammer and ,having means at its forward end and operative upon the tool'only when the latter is in its advanced position for holdingA the toolin such'advanced position beyond sleeve supported by the exterior of'the forward end of the hammer and adapted to loosely hold the tool' inassociation with the hammer, said sleeve having means for hold.- ing thetool in advanced position beyond the range of the hammer after the firstblow of the hammer when not in proper working position. y

14. The combination with a fluid-pressure operated hammer and itsworking tool, of a tool retainer for holding the tool in associationwith the hammer, the tool being freely slidable in said retainer andfree to vibrate therein and said retainer having means for holding thetool in advanced position beyond the range of the hammer blow after thefirst blow of the hammer when not in proper working position.

' CHARLES Il. HAISICLER IWitnesses t MAT-Han W'. Snnnwoon, Jona' I).Ill/'infamia

